abstract：Background:Severe cholera is a life-threatening illness of hypovolemic shock and metabolic acidosis due to rapid and profuse diarrheal fluid loss. Emergency life-saving therapy is i.v. saline, optionally supplemented with potassium and alkali to correct the fluid deficit, potassium losses and acidosis. After this initi...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Butler T

更新日期：2017-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：Background:To date, there is no consensus on ideal ways to measure antiretroviral treatment (ART) adherence in resource limited settings. This study aimed to identify markers of poor adherence to ART. Methods:Retrospective data of HIV-positive ART-naïve adults initiating standard first-line ART at Themba Lethu Clinic,...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Nnambalirwa M,Govathson C,Evans D,McNamara L,Maskew M,Nyasulu P

更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease known to have wide-ranging clinical manifestations. Despite a number of published case series, culture-confirmed series are few and there is a paucity of data on Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction (JHR) associated with treatment of leptospirosis. Our objective was to describe the...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Tsuha S,Taniguchi T,Shiiki S,Narita M,Leung DT

更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The objective of study was to estimate the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of diagnostic options for visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in Brazil. METHODS:Six diagnostic tests were considered: IT LEISH, Kalazar Detect, DAT-LPC (DAT made in the Laboratório de Pesquisas Clínicas), IFAT, PCR and direct ex...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Machado de Assis TS,Azeredo-da-Silva AL,Werneck GL,Rabello A

更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Foreign-born populations carry a significant TB burden in low-prevalence countries, composing over half of all cases in parts of Europe and North America. This study systematically reviewed evidence of risk factors for nonadherence to TB drug therapy in this group. METHODS:On 28 October 2013 MEDLINE, CINAHL...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Lin S,Melendez-Torres GJ

更新日期：2016-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Dengue fever (DF) is an urban vector-borne disease transmitted by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. Both species deposit their eggs in favorable breeding sites either in natural or artificial containers. An understanding of their habitat characteristics is crucial in curbing DF outbreaks METHODS:A search ...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Dom NC,Faiz Madzlan M,Nadira Yusoff SN,Hassan Ahmad A,Ismail R,Nazrina Camalxaman S

更新日期：2016-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Mumbai is a hot spot for drug-resistant TB, and private practitioners trained in AYUSH systems (Ayurveda, yoga, Unani, Siddha and homeopathy) are major healthcare providers. It is important to understand how AYUSH practitioners manage patients with TB or presumptive TB. METHODS:We conducted semi-structured ...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： McDowell A,Pai M

更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The WHO's new End TB Strategy 2016-2035 has evolved from previous global strategies to respond to old and new challenges and take advantage of new opportunities. It frames the global fight against TB as a development, social justice and human rights issue, while re-emphasizing the public health and clinical fundaments...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Lönnroth K,Raviglione M

更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The development and application of interventions for the control of vector-borne zoonoses requires broad understanding of epidemiological linkages between vector, animal infection and human infection. However, there are significant gaps in our understanding of these linkages and a lack of appropriate data poses a cons...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Wardrop NA

更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The liver fluke Opisthorchis felineus is a member of the triad of epidemiologically important liver fluke species belonging to the family Opisthorchiidae and the major agent causing opisthorchiasis over a vast territory, covering Russia, Kazakhstan and several European countries. The similarity between the diseases ca...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Pakharukova MY,Mordvinov VA

更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:We sought to determine the prevalence of drug resistant TB among outpatients initiating TB treatment in Lilongwe, Malawi. METHODS:This was a prospective cohort study of patients 18 years and older initiating TB treatment at Martin Preuss Centre, the primary integrated HIV/TB clinic in Lilongwe, Malawi, from...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Barnett B,Gokhale RH,Krysiak R,Kanyemba C,Chikaonda T,Bokosi M,Mukuzunga C,Saidi F,Phiri S,Hoffman IF,Hosseinipour MC

更新日期：2015-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a life-threatening tick-borne infection in Africa and Eurasia. Although knowledge of epidemiology is increasing, the global extent and risk of infection is not well described. A niche-modeling framework has been used to map the global distribution of risk for CCHF based on ana...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Leblebicioglu H,Ozaras R,Erciyas-Yavuz K

更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Dengue occurred sporadically in Bangladesh from 1964 until a large epidemic in 2000 established the virus. We trace dengue from the time it was first identified in Bangladesh and identify factors favourable to future dengue haemorrhagic fever epidemics. The epidemic in 2000 was likely due to introduction of a dengue v...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Sharmin S,Viennet E,Glass K,Harley D

更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mosquito-borne viruses are an increasing health threat to humans, and potentially other vertebrates, in areas where they have not previously existed or from which they had been eradicated. Chikungunya virus emergence exemplifies how multiple factors can act synergistically resulting in rapid, large-scale redistributio...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Higgs S,Vanlandingham DL

更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An estimated 129 million people are infected with urogenital schistosomiasis in sub-Saharan Africa. Current control recommendations endorse mass administration of praziquantel. Health education is an important component of effective schistosomiasis prevention and control, but there has been limited research on its eff...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Price A,Verma A,Welfare W

更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Rio de Janeiro (RJ) has been of major importance for the epidemiology of dengue viruses (DENVs) in Brazil. After the DENV 1-4 introductions in 1986, 1990, 2000 and 2011, respectively, the state has suffered explosive epidemics. We aimed to describe laboratorial, epidemiological and clinical aspects due to th...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Heringer M,Nogueira RM,de Filippis AM,Lima MR,Faria NR,Nunes PC,Nogueira FB,dos Santos FB

更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Low birth weight is known to be associated with postnatal growth failure. It is not yet established that both conditions are determinants of psychomotor development. The study investigated whether or not low birth weight leads to delayed psychomotor development of a child, and whether it can be mitigated by ...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Avan BI,Raza SA,Kirkwood BR

更新日期：2015-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:TB remains a very significant global health burden. There is an urgent need for better tools for TB control, which include an effective vaccine. Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), the currently licensed vaccine, confers highly variable protection against pulmonary TB, the main source of TB transmission. Replacing BCG com...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Manjaly Thomas ZR,McShane H

更新日期：2015-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:This study intended to implement a novel intervention strategy, in Brazil, using an ecohealth approach and analyse its effectiveness and costs in reducing Aedes aegypti vector density as well as its acceptance, feasibility and sustainability. The intervention was conducted from 2012 to 2013 in the municipali...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Caprara A,Lima JW,Peixoto AC,Motta CM,Nobre JM,Sommerfeld J,Kroeger A

更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This review discusses three inter-related topics: (1) the immaturity of the neonatal and infant immune response; (2) heterologous immunity, where prior infection history with unrelated pathogens alters disease outcome resulting in either enhanced protective immunity or increased immunopathology to new infections, and ...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Gil A,Kenney LL,Mishra R,Watkin LB,Aslan N,Selin LK

更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Staphylococcus aureus is a common human pathogen that can colonise the respiratory tract and cause infection. Here we investigate the risk factors associated with nasopharyngeal carriage of S. aureus (including methicillin-resistant S. aureus [MRSA]) in Vietnam. METHODS:Between February and June 2012, nasal...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Van Nguyen K,Zhang T,Thi Vu BN,Dao TT,Tran TK,Thi Nguyen DN,Thi Tran HK,Thi Nguyen CK,Fox A,Horby P,Wertheim H

更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Lymphatic filariasis (LF) is a disfiguring parasitic disease and one of the leading causes of disability in the world. This study aimed to assess the severity of lymphoedema, the physical restrictions and socio-economic impact on affected individuals living in an endemic community in Malawi. METHODS:In a si...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Martindale S,Mkwanda SZ,Smith E,Molyneux D,Stanton MC,Kelly-Hope LA

更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Leptospirosis has a mortality rate of 5-20%. Poor prognostic factors are older age; oliguria; elevated potassium, creatinine and/or bilirubin levels; and altered mental status. We conducted this retrospective study to analyse the predictors of mortality among Indian patients with leptospirosis. METHODS:Clin...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Goswami RP,Goswami RP,Basu A,Tripathi SK,Chakrabarti S,Chattopadhyay I

更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Starting in 2008, the Central African Republic (CAR) experienced an unprecedented number of reported yellow fever (YF) cases. A risk assessment of YF virus (YFV) activity was conducted to estimate potential disease risk and vaccine needs. METHODS:A multistage cluster sampling design was used to sample human...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Staples JE,Diallo M,Janusz KB,Manengu C,Lewis RF,Perea W,Yactayo S,Sall AA,RCA Risk Assessment Team.

更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The study aimed to determine factors contributing to the acceptability of home-based HIV counselling and testing (HBHCT) among commuters in Johannesburg inner city. METHODS:Simple random sampling was used to select participants in a venue based intercept survey at Noord Street taxi rank in Johannesburg cent...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Muloongo K,Tshuma N,Chimoyi L,Setswe G,Sarfo B,Nyasulu P

更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Cryptosporidium spp. are enteric parasites that infect humans and animals. In immunocompromised patients infection can be fatal. This study was conducted to identify sub-populations of Cryptosporidium hominis and C. parvum isolates from HIV-seropositive patients in Equatorial Guinea. METHODS:In a previous s...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Blanco MA,Montoya A,Iborra A,Fuentes I

更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To present the long-term outcome of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) patients. METHODS:An observational study of 291 MDR TB cases that were diagnosed from 1990 to 2011 at the Fukujuji Hospital in Japan. RESULTS:The frequency of relapse after cure was 3/168 (1.8%) during a mean follow-up of 4.4 year...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Yoshiyama T,Morimoto K,Okumura M,Sasaki Y,Ogata H,Shiraishi Y,Kudou S

更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Microbial diarrheal diseases are one of the leading causes of child morbidity and mortality in developing countries. This study aimed to identify the main causes of non-bacterial diarrhea in Afghanistan. METHODS:A total of 699 stools were collected from children aged under 5 years who presented with diarrhe...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Elyan D,Wasfy M,El Mohammady H,Hassan K,Monestersky J,Noormal B,Oyofo B

更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Despite the widespread use of multidrug therapy, leprosy remains an important public health concern in many regions. Detection is generally limited to clinical exam. METHODS:As a two-tiered active case finding strategy, we used the LID-1 (leprosy IDRI diagnostic-1), and PADL (protein advances for the diagno...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： de Souza MM,Netto EM,Nakatani M,Duthie MS

更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cholera remains a grave public health problem in Africa. It is endemic with seasonal variations around the central African Great Lakes. Along the coasts, it occurs mostly in rapidly expanding epidemics, with intercalated 3-5 year lull-periods. Case-fatality ratios remain high at 2–5% against the global declining trend...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Mengel MA

更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Visceral leishmaniasis (VL)-HIV/AIDS co-infection is an emerging health problem with high case fatality. This study presents the epidemiological and clinical aspects of deaths related to VL-HIV/AIDS co-infection in Brazil. METHODS:This was a nationwide population-based study based on mortality data obtained...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Martins-Melo FR,Lima Mda S,Alencar CH,Ramos AN Jr,Heukelbach J

更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The International Commission for the Certification of Dracunculiasis Eradication (ICCDE) met in December to review progress towards eradication. The status of the programme was presented by WHO and The Carter Center, Atlanta. The Commission received reports from international certification teams that Cote d'Ivoire, Ni...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Al-Awadi AR,Al-Kuhlani A,Breman JG,Doumbo O,Eberhard ML,Guiguemde RT,Magnussen P,Molyneux DH,Nadim A

更新日期：2014-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Among many other factors, malaria plays a major causative role of anaemia globally. The mechanisms leading to anaemia in the course of malaria are extremely diverse, involving immunological factors that act differently according to age and malaria epidemiology. The malaria-attributable fraction of anaemia may then dif...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Castelli F,Sulis G,Caligaris S

更新日期：2014-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Lassa fever (LF) is an acute viral haemorrhagic infection, endemic in West Africa. Confirmatory diagnosis and treatment (ribavirin) is difficult, expensive, and restricted to specialised hospitals. Among confirmed and suspected LF cases, we report on clinical and laboratory features, timing and administratio...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Dahmane A,van Griensven J,Van Herp M,Van den Bergh R,Nzomukunda Y,Prior J,Alders P,Jambai A,Zachariah R

更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The objective of this study was to assess the impact of sputum quality and quantity on smear and culture positivity for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. METHODS:A total of 14 708 sputum specimens, collected from respiratory symptomatics in a TB prevalence survey, were evaluated for gross appearance and volume of...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Bhat J,Rao V,Muniyandi M,Yadav R,Karforma C,Luke C

更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Antibiotic resistance is an increasing problem, particularly in countries where antibiotic use is frequently not controlled. The aim of this study was to analyse the prevalence of the molecular mechanisms of quinolone-resistance in E. coli isolated from faeces of healthy Peruvian children or those presenting...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Pons MJ,Mosquito S,Gomes C,Del Valle LJ,Ochoa TJ,Ruiz J

更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Immunoepidemiologic studies have shown a relationship between IgE and IgG4 antibodies with age and with resistance and susceptibility to infection. It is believed that the IgE and IgG4 responses to soluble egg antigen (SEA) can be used for serological analysis of infection and post-treatment status. This stu...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Matoso LF,Oliveira-Prado R,Abreu MN,Fujiwara RT,Loverde PT,Kloos H,Gazzinelli A,Correa-Oliveira R

更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Malaria remains an important health problem in Bangladesh, with approximately 14 million people at risk. Antimalarial drug resistance is a major obstacle to the control of malaria in endemic countries. In 2012, Bangladesh reported an estimated 29 522 malaria episodes, of which 94% were reported as being caused by Plas...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Haque U,Glass GE,Haque W,Islam N,Roy S,Karim J,Noedl H

更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:We aimed to investigate the outcome of children with Japanese encephalitis (JE) and to examine the predictors of the outcome. METHODS:We reviewed the medical records of children with laboratory-confirmed Japanese encephalitis hospitalized in Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University in 2010. At le...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Ma J,Jiang L

更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection has been associated with recurrent and disseminated strongyloidiasis and adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL). METHODS:We compared immunological aspects and markers for ATLL in HTLV-1 patients with or without strongyloidiasis, and evaluated the infl...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Salles F,Bacellar A,Amorim M,Orge G,Sundberg M,Lima M,Santos S,Porto A,Carvalho E

更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00